Power Flow and State Estimation
This lesson uses pandapower’s built-in IEEE 14-bus network to separate two ideas that are often confused: predicting an operating point from specified injections, and reconstructing an operating point from noisy meter data.
1. Power-Flow Analysis
Formulate the AC nodal equations, solve them with Newton–Raphson, and inspect bus voltages, line flows, losses, and loading.
Prerequisites: complex numbers, basic circuits, NumPy, and pandas.
2. WLS State Estimation
Build a redundant noisy measurement set, formulate weighted least squares, estimate all voltage states, and calculate flows from the estimate.
Prerequisites: Part 1 and introductory probability.
3. Observability
Explore Jacobian rank, spanning-tree intuition, unobservable directions, critical measurements, redundancy, and numerical conditioning.
Prerequisites: Part 2 and elementary linear algebra.